Submitted work should be original, accurately reported and approved by all named authors. Manuscripts must not be under consideration elsewhere unless the journal explicitly permits it.
Research involving humans, animals or sensitive data must follow the relevant ethical and consent requirements. Authors should describe approvals and safeguards in their manuscripts.
Declare funding, competing interests, author contributions, data availability and relevant use of AI tools. Authors remain responsible for the accuracy and integrity of all submitted content.
Peer review informs editorial decisions. Reviewers and editors should disclose conflicts of interest and preserve manuscript confidentiality. A submission or payment never guarantees acceptance.
Concerns about published work should be raised with the editorial office. Corrections, expressions of concern and retractions may be issued when appropriate, with a transparent record of the action.
Check the specific journal’s guidelines for fees and licensing before submitting. Do not send payments unless you have received verified instructions from the publisher.